YEI UCAS free application guide for 2027 entry.

Personal statement guidance, teacher reference guidance, extenuating circumstances guidance, admissions tests, insider tips, and real examples.

By Hanzallah Hanif.

This guide is particularly useful for applicants applying from disadvantaged backgrounds, not just UK applicants, but also international applicants who may have fewer resources compared to other international applicants.

By September 2026, I’m aiming to have at least five successful personal statement examples for each course at LSE, Oxford, Cambridge, and Imperial, so please get in touch if you can contribute.

This guide is in honour of all the people who helped me with my personal statement. I want to pay it forward, not as charity, but as a mere obligation to support social mobility and make information more accessible.

Introduction

I do go into unusual depth on how to apply as a disadvantaged applicant, with a heavy focus on how to catch up with people who go to good schools, how to secure a strong teacher’s reference, and how to handle extenuating circumstances properly.

The reason is simple: hardly anyone explains this clearly, yet it can make a massive difference to your application.

Funnily enough, even writing a good reference and extenuating circumstances statement requires a solid understanding of top universities and your course, and the most disadvantaged applicants often don’t have access to people who understand the system.

That’s my main motivation for making this guide and YouTube series.

Please note: this guide is currently incomplete, and I aim to finish it by September 2026 alongside a YouTube series, but it’s still useful as it stands.

Moreover, because the 2026 cycle hasn’t fully finished yet, I can’t fully complete this guide; I simply don’t have enough information from the full 2026 cycle (yet).
I’ve also attached links to other useful personal statement guides at the end.
This guide is aimed mainly at applicants targeting Oxford, Cambridge, LSE, UCL, Imperial, KCL, Edinburgh, St Andrews, and Warwick, but applicants to all UK universities will still find it helpful.
The reason why the personal statement section often focuses on LSE is simple: LSE cares more than almost any university in the UK about your personal statement (even more than Oxford and Cambridge). So if your statement is LSE-calibre, you’ll usually be competitive for your other choices too, as long as your courses are similar.
Although there’s a focus on the social sciences, I’ve also included examples from STEM subjects and the humanities as well.

Founder’s note
My cohort had to navigate UCAS’s new 2026 entry personal statement format, with three questions instead of one contentious piece of writing.
In theory, three guided questions were introduced to make it easier for students to write the personal statement.

However, in practice, it was confusing, not because writing became harder, but because there was very little to learn from. No real examples. No shared reference points. Just guesswork, mixed messages, and universities often giving contradictory advice.

And honestly, the new format gives you very little room to mess about. You have to be clear, intentional, and get to the point quickly. Moreover, I personally really dislike the new format because it leaves a lot less room for creativity, and the answers to the three UCAS questions are so intertwined.

For example, my answers to Q1 and Q2 were so interlinked, but I had to separate them while still maintaining flow and staying within the word count.
And of course, people coming from a lower socioeconomic background, with fewer opportunities and less guidance, found this gap much harder to navigate.

Guidance is unevenly distributed, and students without private admissions support often lose time trying to infer what good looks like.
So for those applying in the 2027 cycle and beyond, I’ve compiled this Personal Statement Bank to make high-quality information free and accessible.

Every example included comes from an applicant who received an offer from a leading university, so you can see the level of clarity, reflection, and structure that genuinely works.

The personal statements in this bank do a strong job of showing the core qualities universities actually care about, which is why they’ve received offers to study at some of the best universities in the world. I hope you find them useful.

Even if you don’t find your specific subject here, any subject should still give you a strong idea of how to write, structure, tone, reflection, and how to evidence your claims.

If you’re applying for a course we don’t currently have examples for, feel free to reach out to YEI, as we might be able to connect you with someone who’s received an offer for your course.

Also, for my own applications, I’ve included my personal statements with notes, and I’ve also added my teacher’s reference. I genuinely think the reference is so, so underrated. If you use it wisely, you can stand out a lot. Make sure you’ve got a strong relationship with your referee, I definitely did, and it will help you massively, but obviously, don’t expect a glowing reference if you’re not putting the work in.

And obviously, use this as guidance only to get an idea of what you should do. Don’t be silly and copy anything, because your UCAS application can be flagged for plagiarism or similarity.

Use these statements as models of technique, not templates to copy. The aim is not to give you someone else’s voice, it’s to help you build your own.

Hanzallah Hanif
Founder, Young Economist Initiative (YEI)

General tips
Q1) Why do you want to study this course or subject?

For Question 1, I’d recommend keeping it really short, punchy, and simple but still effective. That’s because you want to save most of the space for what actually differentiates you, your academic supercurriculars, your reflection, your research, and the other ways you’ve explored your interest in the course.
One good approach is this: mention an event or something personal and unique to you, then link it directly to why you want to study the course.

This doesn’t have to be a life story. It can even be something academic that genuinely pulled you in and made you want to go deeper. Then you can transition straight into Question 2, because the admissions team will read all three questions in one go anyway.

Question 2 was especially confusing. A lot of applicants (understandably) started writing about their A-levels as content, as the question asks:

“How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?”

But universities can already see what subjects you take (and your grades/predictions).

In most cases, repeating that doesn’t differentiate you; if anything, it can disadvantage you for top universities, because the strongest candidates use that space to talk about what they’ve done out of their own initiative and the unique opinions they’ve formed from it, with real thought behind them. That’s what universities are actually looking for. And although I’ll provide examples of this here, I’ll go into more depth on this soon on my YouTube channel.

What tends to matter more is what your studies prove about you: how you think, how you learn, and how deeply you’ve engaged with the subject.

You have to be absolutely brutal with your character count. Use every single one efficiently as every character needs to add value if you want to be competitive for the top universities.

Universities are primarily looking for:

1) Enthusiasm and motivation for studying the subject

2) Understanding and/or experience of the subject

3) Academic engagement with the subject
(people often say this is ~80% — I’d personally push it closer to 95%)

4) Relevant knowledge and skills for the subject

5) Originality and independence of thought

(source: LSE Advising the Advisers 2018)

Please understand the difference between these two terms: extracurricular and supercurricular.

Extracurricular = things you do outside school that aren’t directly linked to the subject you’re applying for (sport, music, volunteering, part-time work, societies, etc). These can show discipline and transferable skills, but they’re rarely what differentiates you for the most competitive courses.

Supercurricular = things you do outside the curriculum that are directly linked to your subject and take you beyond the A-level syllabus (reading around the subject, independent essays/projects, lectures you reflect on, online courses, competitions, relevant work experience, etc). This is where you prove academic interest and independent thinking.

LSE admissions says the following about a student who dedicated a big section of their Personal statement to being a football captain and did not reflect enough on their subject.

“The applicant has reflected on the transferable skills they have developed by leading the football team. This is good, but it would be nice to see the same level of reflection applied to academic topics – this student has spent more time talking about football than about history.”

The point isn’t “football bad”

It’s that if you spend more time showing passion for unrelated things than for the subject you’re applying for, you’re missing what top universities are actually screening for.

Pro tip: show research appetite
(easy way to get admissions tutors to love you)

A lot of people treat “top universities” like they’re just teaching institutions.

They’re not. They’re research-intensive places, and uni rankings are heavily influenced by research output and citations (so yes, research matters culturally as well as academically) – universities have a soft spot for people who can demonstrate an interest in formal research.

More importantly, passion for a subject is really easy to show if you’re genuinely interested in academic research in your field. If you can engage with research (even at a basic level), it signals that you’re already thinking like a uni student, not just an A-level student.

What this looks like in practice:
-Reading a journal article / working paper (or even a research-based book chapter), then actually saying what you thought: the claim, the mechanism, the limitation, what you’d test next.

-Following a debate through two opposing papers and taking a position (with reasons).

-Doing a small mini-project/EPQ-style investigation that shows independent research skills (especially strong for STEM, but it works for social sciences/humanities too).

-Engaging with what academics at your target uni publish/teach (not in a cringe name-drop way, in a “this shaped how I think” way).

These unis literally nudge you in this direction:

LSE basically tells applicants to show critical engagement and even suggests engaging with academics’ published research.

LSE personal statement guidance

Cambridge explicitly pushes “supercurricular” exploration beyond school — including reading specialist magazines and journals — and says they want to hear what you found interesting and learned.

Cambridge UCAS personal statement guidance

Oxford repeatedly emphasises reading critically and in depth, and their interview guidance even mentions reading widely, including journals.

Oxford teachers’ advice: (read critically and in depth) + Oxford interview guide (mentions journals).

UCL says most of your statement should be about your academic engagement with the subject, written in a detailed and reflective way.

UCL undergraduate personal statement guidance

An Imperial admissions insider literally says projects can evidence interest and show “independent research skills”.

The key: don’t just list research. Use it. One well-explained idea you’ve actually thought about, reflected on, and given your unique thoughts on beats a shopping list of books every time.

For Question 3, “What else have you done to prepare outside formal education, and why are these experiences useful?”, you should definitely stay under 800 characters.

LSE and other top unis basically say you can use this space for “anything extra you couldn’t fit into Questions 1 and 2” and “Writing the minimum 350 characters for Question 3 is completely acceptable.”

Source: LSE website

Honestly, what matters more is the content rather than which question you put it in, but to stay safe, I’d just hit the minimum character count.

Talk about one extracurricular and one supercurricular, then link both back to your course and how you’ll handle uni study. You can see this done in my personal statement.

Another very useful tip:
If you’re in Year 12, first make sure you’re on track to get excellent predicted grades, and then start working towards any admissions tests over the summer. Starting early gives you a HUGE advantage.
I personally made the mistake of starting 1–2 weeks before the Oxford TSA, and the only reason I survived was because I was naturally decent at it.

Please don’t repeat my mistake and start EARLY.

Understanding your university.
Understanding your university’s specific wants and the modules in the course is key, especially for creating an application strategy when your courses are slightly different.

For example, for LSE Politics and Economics, I made a Google Doc with every single compulsory module and understood exactly what each one is trying to do: what it teaches, what skills it demands, how it feeds into later optional modules, and why that pathway makes sense for studying Politics and Economics properly.

What I noticed was a heavy emphasis on quantitative techniques. Because of the compulsory Mathematics, Statistics, and Econometrics modules, even the Politics side (to my surprise) was packed with maths and stats.

Understanding that let me tailor my personal statement accordingly, I made it fairly quantitative. But I didn’t name-drop maths and econometrics for the sake of it.

I showed that I’d actually learned parts of it in my own time, and I reflected on how mathematical techniques help in both Politics and Economics. That kind of reflection is exactly what they want to see.

Another thing that is fairly important is understanding which universities care about the personal statement the most. LSE, out of every university in the UK, cares the most about personal statements – even more then oxford and cambridge as Oxbridge usually has a lot more data to go off of (interviews, admissions tests for some subjects, written work)

For Oxford PPE, specifically, the website clearly says

1) “If it appears from your personal statement that you are applying for different but related courses elsewhere, this would not disadvantage your application.”

2) “For PPE applicants is of lower importance in shortlisting decisions compared to your TSA result, your qualifications, and the academic reference.”

source: Oxford PPE website

Therefore, I used this knowledge to focus only on Economics and Politics in my personal statement and reference, because I knew Oxford wouldn’t care. It was the same for UCL: they literally force you to drop either Philosophy or Economics as part of their PPE course, so it would be unreasonable for them to disadvantage me for not talking about Philosophy.
That said, I did try to show transferable skills that are useful in Philosophy too, and I tried to fit that into my reference.

The teacher’s reference – the single most underrated thing in your UCAS application, which most students overlook.
Everyone knows personal statements are important, but not everyone utilises the reference properly.

Often, universities can put significant weight on your reference, and some universities, like Oxford, can sometimes put more weight on it than your personal statement, because it’s usually more solid evidence. A personal statement can be polished (or even written) by someone else, so it isn’t always the best indicator of academic ability on its own.

If your referee can quantify and evidence why you’re a strong candidate and have the potential to succeed on the course, you’re already ahead of the game.

I know I said make your personal statement 95% supercurricular rather than extracurricular, that’s because you can put most extracurriculars in your reference.

My personal statement only had one line about non-academic extracurriculars, and even that line was still linked back to my course and university study.

PRO TIP:

If you have significant extenuating circumstances, to save characters in your application, email admissions and ask if you can send your circumstances separately due to their extensive nature. As a care leaver, my extenuating circumstances were seven whole pages in a PDF (haha), so I sent my universities a headed letter as a PDF instead. Every university I spoke to, including Oxford, Imperial, UCL, Warwick and KCL, allowed this.

I’d imagine it’s the same for most other unis too. LSE actually explicitly has a separate extenuating circumstances form on their website, which is super useful.

Another pro tip: LSE literally suggests using a short link (Bitly/TinyURL/a simple webpath) for the “school info” bit in the reference, and then only putting the key highlights in the actual reference.

That saves characters for the stuff that actually matters: your academic evidence, potential, and supercurricular reflection, and this is exactly what I did.

“One way to save space, if you have a lot of information to add about the school, is to include a link (bitly, tinyurl). It is, however, useful to provide the key summative points in the main text.”

Source: LSE UCAS reference guide

LSE reference website and teachers workshop:
please go through these fully to understand what they are looking for, again this applies to all unis not just the LSE

-LSE Reference Website
-LSE Reference Teachers workshop

Below is an example of my reference – in hindsight, there should have been a bigger focus on my academic ability and less on flexing my extra/supercuriculars – it still worked at the end of the day lol.

My reference (please use as a guide only)

Subjects Mathematics A*
Economics A*
Politics A*
A in AS business
-Please find information about the college attached (link to the college details)

– Due to the extensive nature of Hanzallah’s extenuating circumstances, including details of his experience in care, this information will be sent separately.

Predicted grades are based on in-class assessments and formal mock exams. Being top of the cohort in his subjects has resulted in Hanzalah being one of the very few students predicted all A*s.

Politics:
Hanzallah is an outstanding Politics student whose intellectual curiosity, independence of thought, and remarkable initiative place him at the very top of the cohort. His academic rigour is inspiring and respected by teachers and peers alike.

In Class discussions, he engages deeply with complex ideas and debates respectfully, yet confidently defends his ideas.

When issues are discussed which have moral and ethical implications, many students are prone to be heavily guided by their emotive response. It is in these instances that Hanzallah’s logical and reasoning skills are really put on display.

While he holds clear moral principles, he also considers economic and practical political realities, making him exceptionally grounded and well suited to university study. His written work mirrors his spoken contributions, consistently displaying analytical depth and clarity of thought.

Beyond the classroom, he has shown initiative by participating in and organising academic forums. He has attended over 20 Model UN conferences and debates, canvassed for two candidates in the 2024 election, and actively engaged with two pressure groups.

It has been a privilege to have taught Hanzallah, and I have no doubt that he will excel at a top university. I recommend Hanzallah without reservation.

Economics:
Hanzallah is consistently the top-performing student in his Economics cohort. His essays show exceptional analytical ability and precise application of knowledge. He extends his learning through independent research and extensive reading of economics books.

His passion for research is evident through his YEI think tank, of which he is the main founder. He started it in collaboration with fellow LSE Pathways to Banking students. Publishing articles and papers on economic issues, YEI has grown to 25 members, including students from LSE, Oxford, Imperial, and UCL, with researchers spanning five countries across three continents.
In addition, his wealth management fund has secured £10,000 in funding, showcasing his soft skills. He is a valued member of the class, always willing to collaborate and support his peers.

Mathematics:

Hanzallah is a diligent student with exceptional algebraic and analytical skills. He approaches complex questions confidently and is highly disciplined and proactive. He often learns topics well ahead of the class.

He engages enthusiastically in discussions and has developed a strong interest in areas beyond the A-Level syllabus, particularly econometrics, reflecting his appreciation of the link between mathematics and economics.
He works collaboratively with his peers in a small group and willingly helps those falling behind. It is no wonder his performance falls within the top 2% of his cohort.

Hanzallah has shown initiative with work experience in:
-Hedge fund portfolio management at Tudor Capital

-Asset and portfolio performance advisory at MACE

-Commercial real estate at CBRE

-Investment banking at Peel Hunt

-Youth Management consulting board
at Q5 (2025-2026)

And competitive university programmes:

-LSE’s Pathways to Banking and Finance

-Imperial mA*ths

-KCL K+ Public Policy

-Warwick scholars

-Bristol Economics and Finance summer school

-Loughborough LUDUS Gold

Hanzallah aims to help his university better support care-experienced and estranged students.

He has also self-funded his solo travels to 20 countries in the past two years, producing political economy and history reports for each.

My extenuating circumstances form:
For obvious reasons, I’m not going to describe my own extenuating circumstances in detail, especially the family-related stuff. I’m not trying to trauma dump on my think tank (lol).

But I will tell you what I did to make sure my circumstances were taken seriously, and I’ll share some of what my reference included, excluding anything family-specific.

I’ll also include sections of my personal statement excluding the family stuff. Obviously, that means I can’t fully demonstrate what kind of personal circumstances can be used to inform admissions, but I’ll attach a useful PDF by LSE below, which basically has everything you need to know.

What LSE, or any uni, won’t really spell out, though, is this. Universities are looking for people with resilience and a work ethic that will actually make them successful once they’re there.

My reference followed a very simple structure:

Description of the event or issue that impacted me → how I made up for it → how it proves my work ethic and ability to thrive as a uni student.
If you do it properly, your extenuating circumstances form almost becomes a further reference, and that can make you stand out from the other candidates who are all saying the same generic stuff.

again this is just to give you an idea of the kinds of things you should include.

Select sections of my extenuating circumstances form:

Extra Information about Hanzallah:
(skipping due to personal reasons, but use this to declare income information, free school meals eligibility, being the first in family to go to university, being estranged and so on)

Family background and entry into the care system
(skipping due to personal reasons, but my main tip would be get a social worker or your referee to back up everything you say and provide their contacts – you may be uncomfortable doing this, but it is very unlikely they will contact anyone – if you have maintained your grades with little family support it is important to let your universities know)

Work during his education and care.
Hanzallah taught Mathematics and English GCSE, helping all his students achieve grades 8s and 9s, also showcasing his own improvements in Mathematics and Economics.

His first placement was unstable and violent, with police raids being common and Hanzallah reporting multiple instances of being threatened with being stabbed by his housemates, and drug abuse being common. He later moved to a stable placement.

During his A levels, Hanzallah worked full-time (40–48 hours per week)

He would have 12-hour shifts on the Weekends and 6 – 7 hour shifts on weekdays straight after school.

He maintained his excellent A level grades by studying during his one-hour work break and his work commute which was 1 hour 20 minutes each way.

He is known to often sleep in the school’s first aid room bed during his free periods to compensate for lack of sleep due to his extreme workload.

Since the age of 16, he has worked in multiple
roles, including:
-Food Runner at X and Y company
-CSCS-qualified Construction Worker at X
-Retail Assistant at X
-Mathematics and economics GCSE tutor
-Kitchen assistant at X
-Polaroid photographer on Westminster Bridge (personal business)

Moreover, he has been living in independent or semi-independent placements since 2024, bearing responsibility for his own well-being, cooking and studies. Despite these responsibilities, he has maintained exceptional grades and participated in extracurricular activities, proving his exceptional ability to
manage extreme workloads, skills which will serve him well at university.

Academic Context (skipping due to personal reasons)

This context is essential to fairly evaluate Hanzallah’s academic performance, and in the context of

These GCSEs being done in extreme circumstances, without access arrangements, and him doing some of the GCSEs from his own initiative, Hanzallah’s GCSE profile should be looked upon very favourably.

Current Circumstances
Hanzallah has stated he worked primarily to repay loans and build future financial stability.

He intends to dedicate himself fully to his studies and research at university and not work alongside them.

This process of constant movement, losing carers, lacking a stable education, estrangement from parents, and surviving unstable environments inside and outside the care system has deeply impacted his education, yet I believe his track record of excellent results and being predicted A*A*A* in his A levels
levels despite mitigating circumstances shows the academic potential Hanzallah has.

My personal statement: (PPE/Politics and economics at Oxford, UCL, LSE, Warwick and EFDS at imperial)
Why do you want to study this course or subject?
Experiencing homelessness and a failing care system led me to campaign for Corbyn in 2024 and study his manifesto. I saw how his view of freedom justified taxation for redistribution, whereas Thatcher’s 1979 manifesto framed liberty as freedom from the state to justify neoliberal policy. This contrast showed me how political theory underpins economic policy, solidifying my desire to study this course.

How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?
I founded the Young Economist Initiative (YEI) think tank, authoring 5 papers critiquing Corbyn’s high-income tax policies, which I initially supported, but my research led me to conclude they may inadvertently worsen disparities between wage earners and asset holders, strengthening my support for wealth taxation. This aligns with Piketty’s r>g framework, which shows how inequality may persist during growth, yet I argue Piketty underplays the growth potential of wealth taxes; Using Indonesian Zakat data, I showed how targeted wealth taxes not only redistribute but also reinject stagnant wealth into the circular flow without discouraging value creation.

But can taxation alone dismantle inequality if rooted in institutional structures? Through Duke’s Political Economy course and my observations of Pakistan’s education system, I saw that redistribution without political reform is palliative. I developed this argument in a 3000-word paper for Loughborough University on Pakistan’s two-tiered education system; elites attend English-medium schools, while others are confined to Urdu-medium ones, entrenching disparities as white-collar employers hire only English-proficient graduates.

I saw how inequality is not only economic but also about power; who writes the rules and who benefits. Reform requires confronting entrenched interests, which I explored via game theory. In Pakistan, inequality persists because the poor face a collective action problem; challenging the government carries personal costs, as elites rationally protect their interests by punishing political opposition, sustaining a stable yet inefficient status quo. Policymaking in English reinforces exclusion by barring non-speakers from political participation. These strategies create an equilibrium which I believe undermines the social contract: when citizens lack the linguistic means to engage politically, the promise of democratic legitimacy is hollow. To strengthen my research on the political economy of development at YEI, I turned to quantitative methods.

Learning Linear Algebra from Michael Gmeiner during LSE’s Pathways TB&F laid the foundation for me to self-learn Lambert’s econometrics course, which helped me apply OLS using STATA to regress GDP growth on education spending across 20 countries. Comparing results to corruption indices illustrated how institutional quality correlates with the productivity of public spending.

However, working with OLS made me conscious that it is BLUE only if the Gauss–Markov assumptions hold. I was most concerned about violations of exogeneity, such as simultaneity bias. While education appeared to raise GDP, it was equally plausible that higher GDP expanded access to schooling, and corruption might both weaken the effectiveness of education and be reduced by it. I also saw how results were sensitive to specification; a relationship that seemed strong in a linear model weakened when I added a quadratic term, deepening my awareness of how methodological assumptions shape conclusions and leaving me eager to study methods to overcome such biases to strengthen causal inference.

What else have you done to prepare outside of education, and why are these experiences useful?
At a Hedge Fund portfolio management placement, I assisted in calculating Sharpe ratios and economic forecasting. I was fascinated by how a single political decision, Trump’s unexpected tariffs, triggered losses, reinforcing my view that economies are not neutral mechanisms but are deeply entwined with power and state authority.

Balancing two jobs while studying and competing nationally in MMA has instilled in me a strong work ethic, which I apply to my studies.

Successful personal statements:

STEM and Medicine:

Hanna Dlubak – Biomedical science – University of Oxford.

Why do you want to study this course or subject?
An introduction to the nervous system in my biology class revealed to me the bridge between biology and psychology: neuroscience, and its place within biomedical science. Seeing how unique experiences, like Cotard’s syndrome to universal phenomena like consciousness, all trace back to purely biological processes, fascinated me in the concept of qualia: the subjective qualities of conscious experience. My interest in this idea sparked with Helen Thompson’s Unthinkable, which delves into the most unique neurological disorders throughout history. A case that stuck with me was a condition called mirror-touch synaesthesia (MTS), characterised by feeling tactile sensations from observing them in others. I questioned if this was an extreme case of a placebo. In reality, I learned, mirror neurons-the basis of experiences like empathy, imitation, and interpreting the actions of others-underpin this experience. This idea that direct stimuli arent always necessary for sensory experience was reinforced by attending a lecture on the neuroscience of pain by Professor Irene Tracey. She discussed an orthopaedic surgeon who controversially used placebo surgery controls in clinical trials, leading to the decommissioning of ineffective shoulder operations. As with MTS, I was intrigued by the brain’s ability to alter perception, and its implications to medicine. These experiences solidified my drive to study the molecular and systemic processes that underpin the brain’s function, with biomedical science as a foundation.

How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?
The Oxford Neuroscience Experience program allowed me to engage with experimental neuroscience first hand, such as ongoing research into sports brain injuries, circadian rhythm and fMRI technology. Designing and presenting an experiment on fMRI technology to investigate brain activity during a fear response taught me experimental design and application of theory to practice, as well as transferable skills, such as the importance of collaborative work and ability to simplify complex data for a broader audience. The most rewarding aspect was analysis of results, any unexplainable results excited me, and rather than frustration, I felt even more drawn to contributing to this evolving field. Studying Psychology at A level encouraged me to logically evaluate pieces of research. I enjoyed this aspect of analytical thinking, and applied it to the British Biology Olympiad, Intermediate Biology competition and the Royal Society of Chemistry Olympiad. These stretched me to not only apply concepts to unknown scenarios, but also reason possible answers, and commit to the best supported one-much like in psychology; overall deepening my regard for the multi-faceted nature of science.

What else have you done to prepare outside of education, and why are these experiences useful?
Work experience at the Oxford Brain Bank allowed me to observe a post-mortem brain dissection of a patient with PSP. Witnessing physical manifestation of disease-how small changes in structure have such detrimental effects on a person’s behaviour, gave me a sense of the link between pathology and lived experiences, whilst preparing brain slides and analysis of abnormalities, revealed the meticulous skill needed in neuroscience research. On top of this, at a placement at the John Radcliffe Hospital in the life sciences laboratories, I explored the breadth of biomedical science in immunology, microbiology, cellular pathology and genetics, particularly the need for interdisciplinary collaboration through how closely the work of these labs overlapped. Using the PCR process to perform a DNA extraction highlighted to me how simple, fundamental processes drive forward innovation in medicine, such as advances in pharmacogenomics. These experiences motivated my ambition towards contributing to improved diagnostics, treatments and preventions of disease. In summary both my formal education, and those additional experiences I have sought out to develop my understanding of this discipline, have reinforced both my resolve to study biomedical science and skills needed to support this.

Social sciences and humanities

Sonny Tyrer – PPE/Politics and economics – Oxford/LSE/UCL

Why do you want to study this course or subject?
Seeing the sharp contrast in my parent’s generation’s ability to purchase their own homes in comparison to mine sparked deep curiosity in my mind about what led us here, and how one of the world’s most prosperous economies contains such large inequality between classes. Exploring this, I discovered that political economy frames this as an institutional outcome, an inseparable combination of politics and economics that I am committed to learning more about. Understanding the causes and effects of inequality in living standards to ultimately mitigate them is an aim of mine, partly catalysed by my first-hand experience with the consequences of those circumstances.

How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?
A desire for the reasons behind the economic intergenerational divergence led me to read Thomas Piketty’s ‘Capital in the Twenty First Century’ which highlighted his idea of patrimonial capitalism. I resonated with the idea that an absence of institutional checks and a political system rife with clientelism and rent seeking cause a skewed outcome, and ultimately a living standard squeeze. Whilst I acknowledge the dangers of this, I believe that Piketty overlooks the importance of international cooperation constraints when enforcing his remedies to this issue: the book proposes solutions such as a progressive annual wealth tax that in a globalised world are slightly limited by state capacity. After considering the warnings against large amounts of concentrated wealth, I read an article by N. Gregory Mankiw, ‘Defending the One Percent’, to enrich my understanding. Although the publication sufficiently evokes reconsideration around the political philosophy that may guide desire for a wealth tax, it falsely equates wealth with societal contribution at times as highlighted by Piketty. Particularly enthralled by the behavioural responses to a proposed wealth tax, I attended a lecture at LSE on rational choice which led me to the Meltzer-Richard prediction that higher inequality would result in higher redistribution. However, I noticed that due to the rising presence of populism shifting salience to identity, this is not the case and so this area became an interest of mine: a political trend directly causing an economic model to falter.

Increasingly observing the presence of populism in the UK, I read Alastair Campbell’s ‘But What Can I Do?’ after listening to him at a PolEcon conference. This book displayed the presence of populist outcomes in our society in recent history and I viewed President Trump as a current example of democratic backsliding, as demonstrated in Levitsky and Ziblatt’s ‘How Democracies Die’, and whilst currently not as severe as historic examples I do believe signs of eroding democracy are starting to appear in the US. Despite this, I am also aware that referendums, used by ‘populist’ Nigel Farage are the purest form of democracy, and the Brexit outcome explored in Campbell’s book is a democratic one. The economic consequences of Trump limiting foreign aid grasped my attention, as I had previously encountered global inequality in countries receiving this aid, such as in The Gambia. Encouraged to explore ways of improving living standards abroad as well as at home, I studied LEAF’s Mathematics of Morality course which displays effective use of quantitative skills to achieve maximum positive goals, an incredibly useful principle in politics and economics.

What else have you done to prepare outside of education, and why are these experiences useful?
Following this, I co-founded a think tank, The Young Economist Initiative, with peers from the Sutton Trust Pathways programme and published an article exploring the real effects of foreign aid being cut. Work experience with PwC gave me analytical skills in a finance context, and presenting a consulting solution to partners in which I evaluated political and economic factors influencing a company improved my awareness of these subjects. I use my position as school Head of Politics and debate club to further increase debate in these subjects and in turn contribute to a more educated and prosperous society.

Caleb – PPE – University of Oxford.

Why do you want to study this course or subject?
Growing up in one of my country’s most economically disadvantaged regions before moving to the capital for further education provided a firsthand view of how access to education and opportunity shapes a person’s future. This prompted me to ask: how do these factors influence a country’s political stability? I am interested in how a state can create opportunities for broad participation while ensuring institutions effectively structure them. I view the government as the most organized actor in addressing structural injustices, drawing me toward a career in policymaking. Politics helps me understand institutional architecture; Philosophy allows me to weigh the moral trade-offs in policy; and Economics, especially mechanism design, provides the tools to align individual incentives with collective well-being.

How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?
Reading Plato’s The Republic, I questioned his Principle of Specialisation. While Plato suggests individuals should focus on a single role, I considered the spillover effects of cross-disciplinary work. Spreading effort across domains can create greater societal value, challenging Plato’s rigid hierarchy and his skepticism of democracy. If citizens are not confined to a single role, political participation could be broadened without leading to instability. This taught me the importance of questioning foundational assumptions, regardless of the author’s prestige.

I realized Plato’s concern with democracy was primarily the threat of demagogues exploiting an uninformed electorate. My observations of how unequal education leaves communities vulnerable to populist rhetoric led me to identify with Robert Dahl’s On Democracy. However, the rise of AI-driven disinformation makes me wonder if traditional institutions are sufficient. How can a system reliant on the wisdom of its citizens survive modern disinformation? Furthermore, Why Nations Fail convinced me that inclusive institutions are both morally and economically beneficial. While the authors argue economic inclusion leads to political inclusion, the Chinese model challenges this. This disconnect sparked my curiosity about how institutions shape societies in practice. To deepen my understanding of economic application, I explored lectures on mechanism design, learning how rules can address information gaps. This resonated with my observations of national scholarship allocations, where information access often outweighs potential.

What else have you done to prepare outside of education, and why are these experiences useful?
As the Executive Director of a regional student movement, I led initiatives to expand educational access and promote civic engagement, representing the group at national democratic forums. These experiences reinforced that policies are most effective when local communities help shape them. They also led me back to mechanism design—specifically how institutions can distribute resources fairly. My leadership roles strengthened my communication skills, which are vital for PPE, where synthesizing insights requires articulating complex ideas with clarity.

Ismael Salvador Fuentes El Borji – PPE – Oxford/LSE/UCL

Why do you want to study this course or subject?
During childhood visits to Spain, the hollow shells of unfinished apartment blocks served as an unlikely playground for our games of hide-and-seek. In retrospect, they now function as a stark reminder of the economic crash that uprooted my family to the UK. Fuelled by a combination of reckless land liberalisation, lax oversight, and speculative lending, the Spanish financial crisis demonstrates to me how crises emerge from the interplay between ideology, institutions and markets; phenomena best understood through the interdisciplinary lens of PPE.

How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?
Intrigued by my experience of the Spanish Housing Bubble, I attended a talk by Anthony Breach from Centre for Cities on the growing UK housing crisis. Breach argued that ‘discretionary’ planning systems had disconnected supply from demand and, as the primary cause of the national shortage, required immediate reform. Whilst compelling, I found his monocausal analysis reductionist, oversimplifying a complex crisis driven by multiple factors. Seeking more nuance, I undertook an EPQ sponsored by investment bank VLK, exploring house price determinants and affordability. Through regression analysis and a comparative case study between London, Amsterdam and Tokyo, I concluded that whilst supply constraints partially affected prices, surging demand from higher-income first-time buyers proved the more decisive factor. My examination of the Rosen–Roback Spatial Equilibrium model corroborated this, with wealthier households systematically outbidding others for limited housing. Upon reflection, I recognised that an Agent Based Model’s bottom-up approach could be used to more accurately simulate how fierce competition in a constrained market impacts prices.

Following Reform UK’s breakthrough in the 2024 election, I began questioning the drivers of populist movements. Initially attributing support for these causes to ignorance, it was an episode of The Rest Is Politics on Reform’s popularity that challenged my view. Campbell argued that Reform voters felt a perceived breakdown of collective values and societal direction. Recognising the anecdotal nature of his claims, I turned to Inglehart and Norris’ Cultural Backlash. Using large-scale survey data, they showed that support was driven more by cultural concerns than material deprivation. I realised that rational choice models, focused primarily on pecuniary incentives, were thus insufficient to capture voter motivation. Looking beyond Homo-economicus, I explored Akerlof and Kranton’s Identity and Economics, which posited that individuals derive utility from group identification, formalised through an adjusted utility function. This new perspective informed my winning entry to the LSESU Essay Competition. Drawing on Shayo’s identity salience model and Besley & Persson’s political hysteresis, I demonstrated that identity shifting, in response to economic and social changes, creates self-reinforcing political dynamics that shape long-term policy outcomes.

Intrigued by my experience of the Spanish Housing Bubble, I attended a talk by Anthony Breach from Centre for Cities on the growing UK housing crisis. Breach argued that ‘discretionary’ planning systems had disconnected supply from demand and, as the primary cause of the national shortage, required immediate reform. Whilst compelling, I found his monocausal analysis reductionist, oversimplifying a complex crisis driven by multiple factors. Seeking more nuance, I undertook an EPQ sponsored by investment bank VLK, exploring house price determinants and affordability. Through regression analysis and a comparative case study between London, Amsterdam and Tokyo, I concluded that whilst supply constraints partially affected prices, surging demand from higher-income first-time buyers proved the more decisive factor. My examination of the Rosen–Roback Spatial Equilibrium model corroborated this, with wealthier households systematically outbidding others for limited housing. Upon reflection, I recognised that an Agent Based Model’s bottom-up approach could be used to more accurately simulate how fierce competition in a constrained market impacts prices.

Why do you want to study this course or subject?
How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this course or subject?
What else have you done to prepare outside of education, and why are these experiences useful?

Other useful guides for personal statements, University applications and work experience.
Wize Foundation:
Personal statement guides, an opportunity tracker, mentoring schemes, and degree apprenticeship guides.

The opportunity tracker is honestly gold. Apply to every single university access scheme if you’re from a disadvantaged background.

Everyone at the Wize Foundation is lovely, and I’d highly recommend getting in touch with them.

Tracker: specifically, the pre-university section for finding work experience in finance.

Daniyaal Anawar’s YouTube channel and GCSE potential guides:

Daniyal is honestly the goat, his video on how to get into PPE and all of his guides are super useful – defo do check him out.

The GCSE potential guides include:

🏫 How should I choose a Sixth Form?
📄 Advice on choosing A Levels
🤓 How can I prepare for A Levels?
📐 How I got an A* (99%) in Maths (Pure)
🧮 How I got an A* (90%) in Further Maths
📈 How I got an A* (90%) in Economics
📜 How I got an A* (83%) in History)
University Applications (incl Oxbridge)
🏛️ How to get the Avicenna Scholarship
🧠 How to prepare for an Oxbridge interview
📜 How to write an LSE/Oxbridge Personal Statement
✳️ How to get a 9.0 in TMUA
💷 How I got into Imperial EFDS
🏃‍♂️ My Oxbridge Gap Year Experience
💤 Why I DIDN’T Get into Oxford PPE (+ TSA Advice)